Most of the time, while working with Python interactive shell/terminal (not a console), we end up with a messy output and want to clear the screen for some reason. In an interactive shell/terminal, we can simply use...
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A thread is a single sequence stream within a process. Threads are also called lightweight processes as they possess some of the properties of processes. Each thread belongs to exactly one process. In an operating system that supports multithreading, the process can consist of many threads. But threads can be effective only if the CPU is more than 1 otherwise two threads have to context switch for that single CPU....
Process Synchronization is the coordination of execution of multiple processes in a multi-process system to ensure that they access shared resources in a controlled and predictable manner. It aims to resolve the problem of race conditions and other synchronization issues in a concurrent system....
Operating System (OS) is Software that facilitates computer software to communicate and operate computer hardware with the computer software. An operating system acts as a GUI between the User and the computer System. In Other words, an OS acts as an intermediary between the user and the computer hardware, managing resources such as memory, processing power, and input/output operations. Here some examples of popular operating systems include Windows, MacOS, Linux, Android etc....
In the Operating System, Mutexes and Semaphores are kernel resources that provide synchronization services (also known as synchronization primitives). Synchronization is required when multiple processes are executing concurrently, to avoid conflicts between processes using shared resources....
During concurrent execution of processes, processes need to enter the critical section (or the section of the program shared across processes) at times for execution. It might happen that because of the execution of multiple processes at once, the values stored in the critical section become inconsistent. In other words, the values depend on the sequence of execution of instructions – also known as a race condition. The primary task of process synchronization is to get rid of race conditions while executing the critical section....
Concurrency: Concurrency relates to an application that is processing more than one task at the same time. Concurrency is an approach that is used for decreasing the response time of the system by using the single processing unit. Concurrency is creates the illusion of parallelism, however actually the chunks of a task aren’t parallelly processed, but inside the application, there are more than one task is being processed at a time. It doesn’t fully end one task before it begins ensuing. Concurrency is achieved through the interleaving operation of processes on the central processing unit(CPU) or in other words by the context switching. that’s rationale it’s like parallel processing. It increases the amount of work finished at a time....
Both Multiprocessing and Multithreading are used to increase the computing power of a system. Multiprocessing: Multiprocessing is a system that has more than one or two processors. In Multiprocessing, CPUs are added for increasing computing speed of the system. Because of Multiprocessing, There are many processes are executed simultaneously. Multiprocessing are classified into two categories:...
Apart from microkernel, Monolithic Kernel is another classification of Kernel. Like microkernel, this one also manages system resources between application and hardware, but user services and kernel services are implemented under the same address space. It increases the size of the kernel, thus increasing the size of the operating system as well. This kernel provides CPU scheduling, memory management, file management, and other operating system functions through system calls. As both services are implemented under the same address space, this makes operating system execution faster....
File operations within an operating system (OS) encompass a set of essential tasks and actions directed at files and directories residing within a computer’s file system. These operations are fundamental for the effective management and manipulation of data stored on various storage devices. In this article, we will learn different file operations and what are the system calls and APIs used to perform them in a Linux / Windows-based OS....
